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Panam City (Panam Nagar) is one of the most fascinating heritage sites in Bangladesh — a 600-meter-long abandoned street lined with 52 ornate buildings that once belonged to wealthy Hindu cotton merchants.
Located in Sonargaon, Narayanganj district, just 25 kilometers from Dhaka, this hauntingly beautiful ghost town has been named one of the 100 most endangered heritage sites in the world by the World Monuments Fund.
Walking down the narrow main street of Panam City feels like stepping back 150 years.
On both sides, grand two-story mansions display a striking blend of European colonial and traditional Bengali architectural styles.
The buildings feature parabolic doorways and windows with symmetric curves, ornate plasterwork, cast iron railings, mosaic tile floors, and intricate wall patterns.
Each building tells a story of wealth, artistry, and a community that once thrived here.
Panam Nagar traces its roots to the 13th century when Sonargaon was the capital of Bengal.
In the 15th century, Isa Khan, leader of the Baro-Bhuyans, made Sonargaon his headquarters.
The area experienced a major revival in the 19th century when wealthy Hindu merchants — mainly involved in the lucrative cotton fabric trade — built the grand houses we see today.
However, the Partition of India in 1947 and the communal riots of 1964 led most residents to flee to India, and the city was abandoned.
In 2009, the government freed the buildings from unauthorized occupation, and the Department of Archaeology declared Panam City a protected heritage site.
Today, visitors can walk the entire length of the street, peer into the empty buildings, and imagine what life was like during its golden era.
The site is just a 10-minute walk from the Sonargaon Folk Art & Crafts Museum.
Bangladeshi nationals: 15 BDT per person.
SAARC country visitors: 100 BDT.
Other foreign visitors: 100 BDT.
Tickets are available at the entrance gate.
Summer (April-September): 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM.
Winter (October-March): 9:00 AM to 5:00 PM.
Open six days a week — closed one day (typically follows same schedule as the nearby Folk Art Museum).
Check locally for the current closed day.
Walking through Panam City takes about 1-1.5 hours.
Combined with the Folk Art Museum and Goaldi Mosque, plan 4-5 hours for the Sonargaon area.
A full day trip from Dhaka is recommended.
The best time is during the cooler months from November to March when walking the open street is most comfortable.
Early mornings offer the best light for photography and fewer visitors.
Avoid peak summer (April-May) when the exposed street gets very hot.
Monsoon season brings dramatic skies but the area can get muddy.
Panam City is located in Sonargaon, Narayanganj district, about 25 kilometers from Dhaka.
It is right next to the Sonargaon Folk Art & Crafts Museum.
Take a bus from Gulistan towards Sonargaon/Narayanganj.
Get off at Mograpara (35-50 BDT, about 40 minutes).
From Mograpara, take a CNG or rickshaw to Panam City/Sonargaon Museum area (30-50 BDT).
Drive via the Dhaka-Chittagong Highway, take the Sonargaon exit.
About 45 minutes to 1 hour from Dhaka.
Panam City is a 10-minute walk from the museum.
Follow the road from the museum's second gate heading east.
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The Sonargaon Folk Art & Crafts Museum (Lok Shilpa Jadughar) is one of Bangladesh's most important museums, dedicated to preserving the country's rich folk art and craft traditions. Located in the historic Sonargaon area of Narayanganj district, about 25 kilometers southeast of Dhaka, this museum was established on March 12, 1975 by the legendary Bangladeshi painter [Zainul Abedin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zainul_Abedin) under the Bangladesh Folk Art & Craft Foundation. **The Collection:** The museum houses over 4,500 exhibits showcasing the diverse folk traditions of Bangladesh. The collection spans centuries of Bangladeshi rural life and includes wood carvings, terracotta art, traditional textiles (including famous Jamdani and Muslin fabrics), brass and copper ware, bamboo and cane crafts, pottery, nakshi kantha (embroidered quilts), and traditional musical instruments. Two main exhibition galleries display scenes of local Bangladeshi life, including farming, fishing, weaving, and women's domestic crafts. **The Setting:** The museum campus is set in a beautiful landscape with old trees, ponds, and gardens. The main building is a gorgeous traditional structure with a pond in front, creating one of the most photographed scenes in Narayanganj. The peaceful grounds make it a perfect place to spend a few hours exploring both the exhibits and the outdoor areas. **Gateway to Sonargaon:** The museum serves as the main entry point for exploring the historic Sonargaon area. From here, visitors can easily walk or take a short ride to nearby attractions including [Panam City](/tourist-places/panam-nagar), [Goaldi Mosque](/tourist-places/goaldi-mosque), [Banglar Taj Mahal](/tourist-places/banglar-taj-mahal), and [Rajmoni Pyramid](/tourist-places/rajmoni-pyramid). A single day trip from Dhaka can cover all these sites.
Sonakanda Fort is a historic Mughal-era river fortress sitting on the eastern bank of the Shitalakshya River in Narayanganj. Built between 1660 and 1663 AD by [Mir Jumla II](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir_Jumla_II), the Subahdar (governor) of Bengal under the Mughal Empire, this fort was part of a strategic three-fort defense system designed to protect the capital Dhaka from Magh (Arakanese) and Portuguese pirates who terrorized the river routes. **The Three-Fort Defense System:** Sonakanda Fort worked in coordination with [Hajiganj Fort](/tourist-places/hajiganj-fort) on the western bank of the Shitalakshya and Idrakpur Fort in Munshiganj. Together, these three river forts controlled the key waterways leading to Dhaka, creating an effective barrier against river-based attacks. **Architecture:** The fort is a compact, rectangular structure with thick walls and a commanding position overlooking the river. It features rounded bastions at the corners, a central watchtower, and cannon mounting positions along the walls. The fort was built using small bricks and lime mortar in the typical Mughal military architectural style. **The Legend:** The name "Sonakanda" is believed to come from a touching legend. "Sona" refers to Princess Swarnamoyee, and "kanda" means crying in Bengali. According to the story, the princess was rescued from pirates by Isa Khan but her father refused to take her back. She reportedly spent days weeping in this fort, giving it its evocative name. Today the fort is a protected archaeological site and a popular spot for visitors who enjoy history, architecture, and beautiful riverside views.
Hajiganj Fort (also known as Khizirpur Fort) is a historic Mughal river fortress located on the western bank of the Shitalakshya River in central Narayanganj. It is believed to be the oldest of the three Mughal river forts built around Dhaka to defend against Magh (Arakanese) and Portuguese pirate attacks. **History:** Historians believe the fort was built shortly after Subahdar Islam Khan established the Mughal capital at Dhaka in the early 17th century. Along with [Sonakanda Fort](/tourist-places/sonakanda-fort) on the eastern bank and Idrakpur Fort in Munshiganj, these three forts formed a coordinated defense network that controlled the key river routes leading to Dhaka. Hajiganj Fort predates both of its companion forts, making it a particularly important piece of Mughal military history in Bengal. **What You Will See:** The fort features thick walls, watchtower positions, and a layout designed for river surveillance. While smaller than some of the more famous Mughal forts, its strategic location right by the river and its role in the three-fort system make it historically significant. The fort offers views across the Shitalakshya River to Sonakanda Fort on the opposite bank. The fort is located in the heart of Narayanganj city, making it one of the most accessible historical sites in the district. It is free to visit and can be easily combined with a trip to Sonakanda Fort across the river.
The Goaldi Mosque is a beautifully preserved 500-year-old mosque located in the village of Goaldi in Sonargaon, just half a mile northeast of [Panam City](/tourist-places/panam-nagar). Built in 1519 AD by Mulla Hizabar Akbar Khan during the reign of Sultan Alauddin Husain Shah of Bengal, it is considered the most impressive surviving monument from the ancient capital of Sonargaon and one of the finest examples of pre-Mughal mosque architecture in Bangladesh. **Architecture:** The mosque is a single-domed structure built with lime mortar, red bricks, and stone. What makes it architecturally unique is its circular corner towers — this is the only mosque in eastern Bangladesh that uses circular towers instead of the more common octagonal ones. Despite being over 500 years old, intricate decorative motifs remain visible on the outer walls and pillars, showcasing the exceptional craftsmanship of that era. The interior features a beautifully proportioned prayer hall with fine terracotta ornamentation. The mosque is still an active place of worship. Visitors are welcome to admire the architecture from outside and enter respectfully during non-prayer times. It is easily combined with visits to [Panam City](/tourist-places/panam-nagar) and the [Sonargaon Folk Art Museum](/tourist-places/sonargaon-folk-art-crafts-museum), all within walking distance.